In order to study the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the NOx, CO, HC and particle emission of coal-made fuel and biodiesel blended fuel, the measurement of NOx, CO and HC emission was conducted according to the set EGR rates of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% on a 4-cylinder turbocharged intercooling diesel engine at rated speed of 2 100 r/min with 25%, 50% and 75% load, and the particle size distribution, carbonoxygen mass ratio (φ_C/O), ratio of soluble organic matter to solid soot mass (φ_SOF/Soot) and oxidation activity were also studied based on FB50 test fuel consisting of 50% coalbased FT diesel and 50% biodiesel. The test results showed that EGR could reduce the NOx emission of diesel engine significantly with the highest drop of 52% at a certain speed and load. CO and HC emissions increased obviously at medium and high load when the EGR rate was higher than 20%. The particle number concentration with the size of less than 1μm increased with the increase of EGR rate. In addition, φ_C/O had a positive correlation with peak particle size and φ_SOF/Soot had a negative correlation with oxidation activity. Within the range of EGR rate between 0 and 30%, the nuclear particle number concentration increased, φ_C/O decreased, φ_SOF/Soot increased and the particle oxidation became easy at low load, and the aggregated particle number concentration increased obviously, φ_C/O increased, φ_SOF/Soot decreased and the particle oxidation became difficult at medium and high load.