Impact of Soot Loading on PN Emissions in PEMS Test
under Future Emission Standard

Vehicle Engine ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4) : 72-76.

Impact of Soot Loading on PN Emissions in PEMS Test under Future Emission Standard

ZHANG Hongjie,GAO Lei,TAO Hanguo

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Abstract

With the impending introduction of a new PEMS test methodology in future emission standards, which segments evaluation into cold-start and thermally stable operation phases, a thorough investigation into the key factors influencing PN emissions at each stage is of significant importance. The PN emission characteristics during both cold-start and thermally stable operation phases under different soot loading conditions were investigated by utilizing an engine bench simulation method for PEMS test. The results indicate that PN emissions exhibit a trend of initial sharp decline followed by a slight rebound with the increase of soot loading during the cold-start phase, attributable to the decisive influence of initial soot cake layer thickness on the physical filtration efficiency of DPF. During the thermally stable operation phase, PN emissions increase significantly with the rise of soot loading, primarily due to the secondary particle generation triggered by soot passive regeneration under high temperatures. Based on the observed patterns, an optimal DPF soot loading window capable of achieving the best balanced PN emissions across the entire operating cycle is further identified.

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PEMS test / particle / number concentration / DPF / soot loading

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ZHANG Hongjie, GAO Lei, TAO Hanguo. Impact of Soot Loading on PN Emissions in PEMS Test under Future Emission Standard[J]. Vehicle Engine. 2026, 0(4): 72-76