Adding nanoparticles to diesel can improve the evaporation and oxidation rate of diesel fuel, and the effective thermal efficiency of diesel also increase accordingly. The effects of nano aluminum powder (Al NPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) on diesel evaporation characteristics were studied at a concentration of 0.5%. Experiments demonstrated that both Al NPs and CNT accelerated diesel evaporation. At temperatures below 573 K, the impacts of Al NPs and CNT on diesel were similar, reducing the evaporation time of diesel to 60%-70% of its original value. However, at temperatures exceeding 573 K, the influence of Al NPs remained unchanged, but CNT shortened the evaporation time of diesel to 10%-20% of pure diesel. In addition, Al NPs and CNT had different evaporation forms for diesel. Al NPs accelerated evaporation by accelerating smooth evaporation, CNT accelerated evaporation by inducing fluctuating evaporation. Notably, fluctuating evaporation in Al NPs-diesel occured primarily under high-temperature and large-volume conditions, manifesting as jet-like jection. In contrast, fluctuating evaporation in CNT-diesel was observed even at low temperatures and small volumes, predominantly through micro-explosions.