In order to mitigate the greenhouse effect and reduce fossil energy consumption, from the perspective of improving the combustion performance of biodiesel, bench tests were conducted to study the combustion and emission performance of biodiesel-isopropyl alcohol-2-EHN blends with varying loads and EGR rates on a diesel engine. The results indicated that isopropyl alcohol and 2-EHN addition could effectively improve the atomization and increase the combustible mixture during the ignition delay period. The cylinder pressure and heat release peak of blends increased at low and medium loads, and the emissions of CO, HC, soot and NOx significantly reduced. At low load, the brake specific fuel consumption of blends was higher, and the brake thermal efficiency decreased by approximately 5%, whereas the gap of economy performance between blends and biodiesel obviously shortened with load increase. In addition, applying EGR rates below 8% facilitated low-temperature combustion of the blends, which efficiently suppressed NOx formation while maintaining superior power output and fuel economy relative to pure biodiesel.