As the core component of fuel cell air supply system, the response time, oil vapor content and vibration resistance of air compressor have an important impact on the dynamic load, service life and operation reliability of fuel cell system. A detailed test method was developed for a certain air-bearing centrifugal air compressor to further study the three key performance indicators. The results showed that both the pressure ratio and the exhaust resistance increased with the decrease of throttle opening in terms of response time, resulting in the corresponding increase of the starting response and dynamic load response time of air compressor, which had a great impact on the response time of air compressor under different back pressure conditions. In terms of oil vapor content, a feasible, efficient and convenient test method was proposed and realized. The test showed that there were differences in the testing results of oil content caused by different gas media, so the oil content in the atmospheric medium should be carefully considered when considering the "oilfree index" of air compressor. In terms of mechanical load, an effective vibration and shock test method was provided at the effort for the operation reliability and stability of air compressor in fuel cell engine, and random vibration test under non-running, idling and rated working conditions and nonloaded mechanical shock test were conducted by combing with the actual application conditions of air compressor, and comprehensive evaluation of mechanical integrity, insulation resistance and output performance was carried out, and the results showed that the vibration shock test did not adversely affect the performance of air compressor.