Based on ANSYS CFX platform, a steady three-dimensional simulation model was established to study the cavitation and flow characteristics of a new-typed common rail injector. The typical Winklhofer quasi-two-dimensional flow experiment was used to verify the calculation model and the model was finally proved to be flexible from the macroscopic mass flow rate to the microscopic internal cavitation. Based on the 1/8 nozzle model, the flow performance of nozzle was analyzed including the distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy, the diesel vapor fraction, the velocity vector and the mass flow rate of nozzles. The results show that the injector has a wide range of pressure adaptability. The flow performance can improve by increasing the inlet chamfer radius of jet orifice appropriately and maintaining a reasonable needle valve cone angle. The mechanism of flow loss inside the nozzle is also clarified from a certain point of view.