The high cycle fatigue life(HCFL) prediction workflow was established according to the method and conditions regulated by the endurance test criterion of diesel engine. The Abaqus FEA software was employed to build the thermal and stress analysis model, which was calibrated with the test data. Then the thermal and stress calculation of each condition were carried out. Considering the effects of thermal and other modified factors, the HCFL of each condition was predicted using Femfat software and the HCFL based on acceptance test of diesel engine was predicted by means of double linear cumulative damage rule. The results indicated that the double linear cumulative damage rule could predict the HCFL of piston under cyclic and multiple load conditions. According to the analysis, the life of the piston cooling gallery was the shortest, but could meet the test requirements of the diesel engine.