精确控制燃料电池系统中供氢系统的气体流量、压力及湿度等运行参数,对保障质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)系统长期稳定运行至关重要。针对供氢系统中氢循环回路组分的复杂性及多变性，研究了不同运行参数及运行工况对循环组分的影响，并基于燃料电池堆实际氢气计量比需求和阳极氮气浓度的耐受值，对控制策略进行了优化和试验验证。研究结果表明，提高电堆入口氢气压力和氢泵转速可以提高氢气计量比，而增加排气频次则有助于降低电堆阳极氮气浓度。变载速率对循环回路中氢气和氮气的流量及浓度的影响较小。研究结果为优化供氢系统控制策略、提高燃料电池系统的运行效率和稳定性提供了理论依据和实践指导。

Precise control of operating parameters such as gas flow rate, pressure and humidity in the hydrogen supply system is essential for ensuring long-term stable operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. Given the complexity and variability of components within the hydrogen circulation loop, the impact of different operating parameters and conditions on the components was studied. Based on the actual hydrogen stoichiometry required by the fuel cell stack and the permissible nitrogen concentration in the anode gas flow, the control strategy was optimized and experimentally validated. The results indicate that increasing the hydrogen pressure at the stack anode inlet and the speed of hydrogen pump can enhance the hydrogen stoichiometric ratio, while increasing the frequency of purge and drainage effectively can reduce nitrogen concentration in the stack anode. Additionally, load changing rate has a relatively minor effect on the flow rates and concentrations of hydrogen and nitrogen in the hydrogen circulation loop. The results provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the control strategy optimization of hydrogen supply system and the operational efficiency and stability improvement of PEMFC systems.