基于对节能减排的需求，直喷发动机喷雾特性受到研究人员广泛关注。大量试验与数值仿真方法被应用于对直喷喷雾特性的测量与预测中。其中，基于试验的研究以获取描述喷雾特性的经验公式为目的展开。此类研究可获得大量数据，而从中提炼的经验公式对于实际喷雾系统的优化具有指导意义。然而经验公式法本身存在较大局限性，多数经验公式只适用于特定或若干工况，且其假设的先决条件往往不完全符合实际燃油雾化环境。此外，不同经验公式获取的结果由于其参数选取、试验条件不同，彼此间存在一定的差异。因此，如何评价喷雾特性经验公式的普适性是领域内亟需解决的问题。本研究以独立试验为基准，定量比较了现有文献中主流经验公式的预测结果，并根据特定工况预测结果偏差对各经验公式的局限性进行了阐述，对于下一代汽油机设计与燃油雾化系统优化具有一定的指导价值。

The fuel spray characteristics of direct injection engine have been widely concerned due to the demand of energy saving and emission reduction. A lot of experimental and numerical methods have been applied to the measurement and prediction of direction injection spray and experimental investigation is conducted to achieve the empirical equation which describes the fuel spray characteristics. The empirical equations summarized according to plenty of test data are helpful for the design and optimization of actual injection system. However, many empirical equations are feasible only in some constrained conditions and the proposed hypothesis usually does not accord with actual fuel atomization, hence the use of empirical equation has a certain limitation. In addition, the results from different investigations are different due to different experimental setups and parameter selections. Therefore, it is crucial to find a way to evaluate the universality of empirical equation for spray characteristics. Independent investigations were conducted to quantitatively compare the prediction performance of mainstream empirical equations from current documents. Furthermore, the limitations of each empirical model were evaluated based on specific experimental conditions. Such efforts would be helpful to guide the design of the next generation gasoline engine and the optimization of fuel spray system.