针对对置活塞二冲程柴油机气缸套在标定工况下的传热过程，建立流固耦合模型并进行了验证。基于气缸套及冷却水腔的关键参数，确定合理的参数取值范围，并采用正交试验设计结合仿真计算进行优化分析。以冷却水流速、气缸套温度等关键特性作为评价指标，通过信噪比分析和极差分析，确保各项评价指标达到最优，最终获得最优参数组合方案，并对优化方案与初始方案进行了全面对比分析。优化模型显著改善了冷却水的流动特性，燃烧室区域入水口近端和远端的冷却水流速分别提升了170%和79%。同时，优化后冷却水腔入水口侧区域压力水平降低，压力损失降低了3.5%，且压力分布均匀性得到提升。优化设计有效降低了高热负荷区域的整体温度，燃烧室与排气口区域的最高温度分别降低了34.5 K和17.6 K。此外，关键热负荷区域的传热能力整体增强，燃烧室区域的传热系数提高了47%，排气口区域的传热系数较初始模型小幅下降了4%，但仍完全满足设计要求。研究结果表明优化方案具有有效性，为气缸套和冷却结构的设计与优化提供了重要依据。

A fluid-structure coupling model was established and verified for the heat transfer process of the cylinder liner of opposed-piston two-stroke diesel engine under the calibration working conditions. Based on the key geometric and operational parameters of the cylinder liner and the cooling water cavity, the reasonable parameter value range was determined, and the orthogonal test design combined with simulation calculation was used for optimization analysis. Taking the cooling water flow rate, cylinder liner temperature and other key characteristics as evaluation indicators, the signaltonoise ratio analysis and range analysis were carried out to ensure that all evaluation indicators reached the optimum. Finally, the optimal parameter combination scheme was obtained, and a comprehensive comparison and analysis were made between the optimized scheme and the initial scheme. The optimized model significantly improved the flow characteristics of the cooling water, and the cooling water flow rates at the near and far ends of the water inlet in the combustion chamber area increased by 170% and 79%, respectively. Meanwhile, the pressure level on the water inlet side of the cooling water cavity reduced after optimization, resulting in a loss of 3.5% decrease in pressure loss and enhanced uniformity of pressure distribution. The optimized design effectively reduced the overall temperature of the high heat load area, and the maximum temperatures in the combustion chamber and exhaust port areas decreased by 34.5 K and 17.6 K, respectively. In addition, the overall heat transfer capacity of the key heat load area enhanced, and the heat transfer coefficient in the combustion chamber area increased by 47%, while the heat transfer coefficient in the exhaust port area slightly decreased by 4% relative to the baseline model, yet still fully met the design requirements. The research results show that the optimization scheme is effective and provides an important basis for the design and optimization of cylinder liner and cooling structure.