随着“碳达峰，碳中和”目标稳步推进，世界各国对内燃机碳排放标准越来越严苛，如何突破常规化石燃料带来的高碳排放问题，对于未来交通发展尤为重要。目前，采用氢、氨、甲醇等零碳及低碳燃料替代传统化石燃料是必然的选择，零碳及低碳内燃机是现在和未来的研发热点。为助力零碳及低碳内燃机快速发展，阐述了氢、氨、甲醇、乙醇以及天然气等燃料的物化特性，同时分析它们在内燃机中最新应用进展，并对其未来发展所面临的问题给出相应参考建议。

With the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutral steadily advancing, the global carbon emission standards for internal combustion engines are becoming more and more stringent, and how to break through the problem of high carbon emissions caused by the conventional fossil fuels is particularly important for the future development of transportation. At present, the use of zero-carbon and low-carbon fuels such as hydrogen, ammonia and methanol is a good choice to replace traditional fossil fuels, and global companies are competing to develop zero-carbon and low-carbon internal combustion engines in order to occupy a place in the field. In order to promote the rapid development of zero-carbon and low-carbon internal combustion engines, the physical and chemical characteristics of hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, ethanol and natural gas are introduced, and the latest application progress of these fuels in internal combustion engines are analyzed, and corresponding suggestions are given for their future development.