Considering the effect of intake process on the incylinder gas temperature and the piston top temperature distribution, the incylinder combustion simulation was carried out to obtain the convective heat transfer coefficient of piston top, the incylinder gas temperature curve and the boundary conditions of piston assembly. The temperature field analysis of diesel engine piston was conducted under cold start and rated speed conditions and the analysis results were verified through the piston temperature test. The results show that the calculation of piston temperature has a higher precision and the error between calculation and measurement is within 6% after taking into account the intake cooling effect. According, the method provides the accurate boundary and meaningful reference for the stressstrain analysis and the structural optimization of piston.