The relationship between vibration velocity parameters and the abnormal fault of fuel supply advance angle was researched by using numerical simulation and real experiment methods. The vibration velocity parameters under different fuel supply advance angles were acquired by simulation based on a validated 195 diesel engine FEA model. The results indicated that with the increase of fuel supply advance angle, the vibration velocity parameters that described the appeared time of combustion timing, peak pressure time and maximum pressure rising rate decreased, the vibration velocity amplitude parameters that described peak pressure time and maximum pressure rising rate increased and the parameters that described indicated mean effective pressure showed random characteristics. Through the further test verification of 1110 and 295 diesel engines, it was proved that the changing laws of vibration velocity with fuel supply advance angle coincided with the theoretical analysis results.